Minimally invasive neurosurgery is called endovascular neurosurgery. Many conditions that cannot be treated using open (traditional) surgery can be treated with endovascular neurosurgery. Neurosurgery One neurosurgeons perform minimally invasive neurosurgery procedures using very small tools and x-ray guidance to diagnose and treat conditions inside blood vessels. One benefit to this type of procedure is that, in some cases, patients are able to return home in two days or less.